Education and Early Childhood Learning

1. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples have an ongoing role in shaping Canadian history and identity.

2. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples have a long history in North America/Turtle Island, and their diverse and complex cultures continue to adapt to changing conditions.

3. The oral traditions of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples teach the importance of maintaining a balance among the emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of life.

4. The relationship between First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples and non-Indigenous peoples moved from autonomous coexistence to colonialism to the present stage of renegotiation and renewal.

5. First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples have achieved constitutional recognition of their unique status as Indigenous Peoples in Canada, along with recognition and affirmation of their existing Indigenous and Treaty Rights.

1. Canadian institutions and culture reflect Canada’s history as former colonies of France and of Britain.

2. French-English duality is rooted in Canada’s history and is a constitutionally protected element of Canadian society.

3. Nouvelle-France, Acadia, Québec, and francophone communities across Canada have played a role in shaping Canadian history and identity.

4. British cultural traditions and political institutions have played a role in shaping Canadian history and identity.

5. As a result of Québec’s unique identity and history, its place in the Canadian confederation continues to be a subject of debate.

6. French-English relations play an ongoing role in the debate about majority-minority responsibilities and rights of citizens in Canada.

1. Canada’s history and identity have been shaped by its vast and diverse land, its northern location, and its abundant natural resources.

2. Canadian identity, citizenship, and nationhood are subjects of ongoing debate in Canada’s pluralistic society.

3. Immigration has helped shape Canada’s history and continues to shape Canadian society and identity.

4. The history of Canadian citizenship is characterized by an ongoing struggle to achieve equality and social justice for all.

5. The meaning of citizenship has evolved over time, and the responsibilities, rights, and freedoms of Canadian citizens are subject to continuing debate.

1. The history of governance in Canada is characterized by a transition from Indigenous self-government through French and British colonial rule to a self-governing confederation of provinces and territories.

2. Canada’s parliamentary system is based on the rule of law, representative democracy, and constitutional monarchy.

3. The role of government and the division of powers and responsibilities in Canada’s federal system are subjects of ongoing negotiation.

4. Canada’s history is shaped by economic factors such as natural resources, agricultural and industrial development, the environment, technology, and global economic interdependence.

1. Canada continues to be influenced by issues of war and peace, international relations, and global interactions.

2. Geographic, economic, cultural, and political links to the United States continue to be important factors in Canada’s development.

3. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Canada has played an increasingly active role in world affairs through trade and development, military engagement, and participation in international organizations.

4. Global interdependence challenges Canadians to examine and redefine the responsibilities of citizenship.

1.0 Explain what history is and why we study it.

1.1 Identify the First Peoples, and describe how they structured their world.

1.2 Explain why the French and other Europeans came to North America, and describe their interactions with First Peoples.

1.3 Describe the interactions of First Peoples and Europeans in the Northwest, and the results of those interactions.

2.1 Describe British colonial rule during this period and its impact on life in North America.

2.2 Explain the ways the fur trade, European settlement, and the rise of the Red River Métis transformed life for the peoples of the Northwest.

2.3 Explain why and how the Dominion of Canada was established as a confederation of British colonies in 1867, and the significance of this event in shaping Canada.

3.1 Describe how the Métis resisted the westward expansion of Canada, and describe the consequences of that expansion and resistance.

3.2 Describe how territorial expansion, immigration, and industrialization changed life for men and women in Canada.

3.3 Describe Canada’s relationship with First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples after Confederation.

3.4 Describe how Canada’s identity as a nation was shaped by the First World War and by its changing relationship to Great Britain and the world.

4.1 Explain how Canada sought to establish economic security and social justice from the period of the Depression to the patriation of the Constitution.

4.2 Describe ways in which the establishment of national institutions contributed to defining Canadian identity.

4.3 Describe how Canada’s presence on the world stage was shaped by its role in the Second World War and by its growing participation in the international community.

4.4 Describe how Canadian federalism was challenged by federal-provincial tensions and the debate over the status of Québec.

5.1 Explain how Canada was shaped by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, cultural diversity, and demographic and technological change.

5.2 Discuss the impact of national unity on federalism, constitutional debate, and political change.

5.3 Explain how First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples are seeking a greater degree of political and economic self-determination.

5.4: Describe how Canada’s international relations have changed since 1982, and identify its potential commitments for the future.